Military career Madanapala (Gahadavala dynasty)

-















find-spots of inscriptions madanapala s reign (map of uttar pradesh)


the gahadavala inscriptions attribute grand military victories madanapala using conventional praises, not provide specific details. son govindachandra appears have led major wars happened during reign. these wars of defensive nature, , did not lead annexation of enemy territory.


conflict ghaznavids

madanapala s 1104 ce bashai inscription states father chandradeva had made kanyakubja capital, suggests continued rule same city. however, 1105 ce kamauli inscription omits verse kanyakubja, although contains other introductory verses bashai inscription. appears gahadavalas lost kanyakubja somewhere between 1104 ce , 1105 ce.


the enemy whom temporarily lost kanyakubja general of ghaznavid ruler mas ud iii. diwan-i-salman contemporary muslim historian salman states mas ud iii launched holy war against hindustan (or hind). according salman, hind ruled god-forsaken chief malhi, , capital kanauj (kanyakubja). salman further states kannauj (kanyakubja) qibla infidels (non-muslims), , treasures of hindustan concentrated there. 13th century text tabaqat-i nasiri states general named hajib tughatigin invaded india during reign of mas ud iii. general crossed ganga river, , reached places far no previous invader other mahmud of ghazni had reached.


the malhi mentioned salman appears madanapala, ruler of kanyakubja during 1104-1105 ce. according salman, ghaznavids captured malhi, , released him after payment of ransom. inscriptions issued prince govindachandra indicate managed restore gahadavala power in kanyakubja , surrounding area 1109 ce. peace treaty concluded between 2 parties, indicated 1109 ce rahin inscription. according epigraph, maharajaputra (prince) govindachandra fought repeatedly against hammira , , made him lay aside enmity. hammira sanskrit form of arabic title amir , used ghaznavids.


subsequently, ghaznavids appear have launched attack on gahadavala kingdom, not successful. kṛtya-kalpataru, written gahadavala courtier lakshmidhara, states govindachandra killed hammira. incident may have happened during reign of madanapala, or in reign of govindachandra.


conflict palas

sometime before 1109 ce, palas of eastern india invaded gahadavala kingdom, retaliation of chandradeva s earlier invasion of kingdom. 1109 ce rahin inscription boasts prince govindachandra subdued elephants of gauda (the pala kingdom). kṛtya-kalpataru declares mere sport of govindachandra threatened elephatns of gauda. war appears have ended peace treaty concluded through matrimonial alliance: govindachandra married relative of pala king ramapala.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Memorial Series Board Lutfuddaulah Oriental Research Institute

-
1 memorial series board 1.1 president 1.2 members 1.3 secretary , treasurer memorial series board president chief justice, nawab jiwan yar jung bahadur, b.a., (cantab.) bar-at-law. members justice, nawab alam yar jung bahadur, m. a., ll.b,. bar-at-law (oxon.). justice, nawab asghar yar jung bahadur, b.a., (oxon.) bar-at-law. rai wittinal rai, member, executive committee,. paigah of nawab lutf ud-dawlah bahadur. sayyid ahmedullah qadri. secretary , treasurer sayyid sa ad-ullah qadri. ^ full text of life being autobiography of nawab server-ul-mulk bahadur . archive.org. 1929-02-24. retrieved 2015-10-08.  ^ full text of calendar 1348 1351 fasli . archive.org. retrieved 2015-10-08.  ^ cite error: named reference archive1 invoked never defined (see page).
Read more

Weak verbs Proto-Germanic grammar

-
1 weak verbs 1.1 suffixless weak verbs 1.2 class 1 1.3 class 2 1.4 class 3 1.5 class 4 weak verbs weak verbs used suffix containing dental consonant mark past tense. suffix held reflex of reduplicated past imperfect of pie *dheh1- put , in germanic . derived verbs, being formed nouns, verbs or adjectives (so-called denominal, deverbal , deadjectival verbs). few underived verbs strong j-present verbs acquired weak past tenses in proto-germanic. weak verbs divided 5 main classes, of 4 survived distinct history of daughter languages. 1 class formed few relic verbs have no present-tense suffix, verbs in other classes had present-tense suffix, varied class class. past tense endings identical, , resembled of strong verbs, prefixed dental infix. follows: the initial consonant of suffix -d-, class 1 j-present verbs, suffixless weak verbs , preterite-present verbs had -t- if ending consonant of stem obstruent, in case obstruent assimilated dental. suffixless weak verbs already small relic cla
Read more

History Anthrax

-
1 history 1.1 etymology 1.2 discovery 1.3 first vaccination history etymology the english name comes anthrax (ἄνθραξ), greek word coal, possibly having egyptian etymology, because of characteristic black skin lesions developed victims cutaneous anthrax infection. central, black eschar, surrounded vivid red skin has long been recognised typical of disease. first recorded use of word anthrax in english in 1398 translation of bartholomaeus anglicus work de proprietatibus rerum (on properties of things, 1240). anthrax has been known wide variety of names, indicating symptoms, location , groups considered vulnerable infection. these include siberian plague, cumberland disease, charbon, splenic fever, malignant edema, woolsorter s disease, , la maladie de bradford. discovery robert koch, german physician , scientist, first identified bacterium caused anthrax disease in 1875 in wolsztyn (now part of poland). pioneering work in late 19th century 1 of first demonstrations diseases caused mic
Read more