Use CS gas

1 use

1.1 bahrain
1.2 canada
1.3 chile
1.4 cyprus
1.5 egypt
1.6 hong kong
1.7 iraq
1.8 israel
1.9 philippines
1.10 sri lanka
1.11 united kingdom

1.11.1 northern ireland
1.11.2 great britain

1.11.2.1 cs gas
1.11.2.2 cs spray




1.12 united states
1.13 vietnam
1.14 elsewhere

use

rwgŁ-3 polish tear gas grenade launcher.



cs used during attempts flush viet cong tunnels in vietnam war.

cs used in spray form many police forces temporary incapacitant , subdue attackers or persons violently aggressive. officers trained in use , application of cs spray routinely exposed part of training.

blank pistol cartridges carrying cs in powder form have been released public. these, when fired @ relatively close ranges, expose target effects of cs, , employed potent defensive weapon in regions blank firing pistols legally permitted such use.

although predominantly used police has been used in criminal attacks in various countries.

use of cs in war prohibited under terms of chemical weapons convention, signed nations in 1993 5 other nations signing between 1994 , 1997. reasoning behind prohibition pragmatic: use of cs 1 combatant trigger retaliation more toxic chemical weapons such nerve agents. 4 nations have not signed chemical weapons convention , therefore unhindered restrictions on use of cs gas: angola, egypt, north korea , somalia.

domestic police use of cs legal in many countries, chemical weapons convention prohibits military use.

bahrain

bahrain riot police use tear gas on protesters in manama during 2011-2012 bahraini uprising

cs gas used extensively bahrain s police start of bahraini uprising. bahrain independent commission of inquiry concluded bahrain s police used disproportionate amount of cs gas when dispersing protests, , in situations, police fired cs gas private homes in unnecessary , indiscriminate manner. in 1 particular incident witnessed commission investigators, police fired @ least 4 tear gas canisters (each containing 6 projectiles) ... short range kitchen , living room of home.

according opposition activists , families of dead, ten individuals died result of cs gas between 25 march 2011 , 17 december 2011. 1 allegedly died impact of cs gas canister, , remainder said have died effects of inhaling gas. bahrain independent commission of inquiry received information further 3 deaths may have been attributable use of cs gas. of these three, 1 allegedly died impact of canister, , 2 effects of inhaling gas.

canada

since 2008, spvm police force in montreal has increased use of cs gas crowd control, although police policy use last resort . several incidents protesters have been injured having cs gas fired @ them point-blank range have raised concerns methodology , training of officers in montreal riot squad, particularly in relation use of force .

chile

tear gas extensively used in chile carbineros, disrupt civilian protests.

cyprus

cs first tested in field british army in cyprus in 1958. @ time known code name t792.

egypt

cs has been used egyptian police/military forces january 2011 onwards.

hong kong

the police tactical unit (hong kong) of hong kong police force used 87 rounds of cs projectiles (both riot gun launched , hand thrown) in hong kong on september 28, 2014 against hundreds of unarmed demonstrators demanding democratic elections during 2014 hong kong protests, known umbrella movement.

the cs gas canisters , content used purchased hong kong sar government chemring, british weapons manufacturer. crowd used umbrellas fend off gas, ineffectively.

apart hk police, cs gas spray used witness protection , firearms section of independent commission against corruption (hong kong)

iraq

iraq developed cs during 1970s , during 1980s produced tons of substance firstly @ salman pak , later @ al-muthanna.

blackwater worldwide, acting agent of united states, deployed cs in iraq war helicopter hovering on checkpoint in green zone in baghdad.

israel

israel police forces spray cs gas @ riot control situations. used @ demonstrations within palestinian territories , @ israeli west bank barrier.

philippines

cs tear gas used in suppression of mutiny in makati led sen. antonio trillanes. tear gas fired in building , people in building including reporters affected.

sri lanka

the ltte, known tamil tigers of sri lanka, insurgent group in sri lanka used cs gas against government forces in september 2008. use hindered army s progress proved ineffective in preventing army overrunning ltte positions.

this 1 of few cases of insurgents using cs gas.

united kingdom
northern ireland

cs gas used extensively in bogside area of derry, northern ireland during battle of bogside , two-day riot in august 1969. total of 1,091 canisters containing 12.5g of cs each, , 14 canisters containing 50 g of cs each, released in densely populated residential area. on 30 august himsworth inquiry set investigate medical effects of use in derry. conclusions, viewed in political context of time, still pointed towards necessity of further testing of cs gas before being used riot control agent. during rioting in belfast, following year, known falls curfew, army fired 1,600 canisters densely populated falls road area. used in lenadoon on 9 july 1972 on breakdown of ira ceasefire. not long after, british army , ruc ceased using cs in northern ireland.

great britain
cs gas

cs gas has not been routinely deployed on british mainland. has seen use in rare cases.

the first use of cs gas on uk mainland not part of military training carried out in 1944 during hostage siege @ north london address. soldiers asked throw cs grenades through skylight in hope of bringing incident speedy conclusion, hostage-taker had brought civilian-issue gas mask him, negating effect.

the siege of trough gate 1973 in oldham second non-military use of cs gas on uk mainland. during four-hour standoff, frank alan stockton shot @ police flushed home cs gas , police dogs.

during 1980 assault on iranian embassy, sas soldiers used cs gas (that contained within stun grenades) incapacitate hostiles had kept building under siege 6 days. remaining hostages saved , 1 of hostiles eliminated, other being taken custody.

in 1981, cs gas used quell rioting in toxteth area of liverpool.

in march 2007 shootings in leicester, cs gas used after scuffle broke out. on 11 march 2007 shooting incident occurred @ around 2.45am following performance pretty ricky @ university. 21-year-old student @ university, employed security staff @ event, received gunshot wounds abdomen , taken hospital condition not believed life-threatening. 6 others injured during described scuffle broke out after cs gas (tear gas) sprayed following event.

following 2011 england riots, there consideration given making cs gas, water cannon , other riot control measures available police use in event of serious disorder.

the british armed forces use cs gas annually test cbrn equipment. during initial training introduce recruits cs gas introducing them small enclosed space known respirator testing facility (rtf) , igniting chemical tablets induce cs production. after recruits have carried out cbrn drills, must remove respirators exposed cs 20 seconds experience effects , become confident respirators work.

cs spray

cs incapacitant spray has been used routinely british police since introduction in 1996. issued item of equipment police officers protection , assist in dealing violent incidents.

a six-month trial sixteen police forces in england began on 1 march 1996.

on 16 march 1996, gambian asylum seeker, ibrahima sey, taken ilford police station in east london. whilst incapacitating sey, suffering excited delirium, police sprayed him cs spray , held him on ground approximately 15 minutes, , subsequently died.

in 1999, mental health charity mind called suspension of use of cs spray on mentally ill people until proved safe.

the cs spray used police forces in form of hand-held aerosol canister containing 5% solution of cs dissolved in methyl isobutyl ketone , propelled pressurized nitrogen. cs spray used uk police more concentrated used american police forces (5% vs 1%). liquid stream directed user points canister, being accurate 4 metres. trained in helping incapacitated person recover once restrained.

under uk firearm law, cs , other incapacitant sprays classed prohibited weapons, making unlawful member of public possess them.

some forces have opted replace cs spray captor or pava spray, 60% of forces estimated using pava.

in february 2006, dan ford, wareham in dorset, received permanent scarring face after being sprayed cs during arrest police. ford subsequently advised doctors stay out of sunlight @ least 12 months. after incident, cousin, donna lewis, quoted saying, @ him, looking @ melting man, liquid oozing face.

to give indication frequency of use of cs sprays police, officers in reading, berkshire deployed personal incapacitant spray on 486 occasions on two-and-a-half year period april 2009. cs spray used in uk more 10,000 times in period between introduction in 1996 , september 1998.

united states

cs used many police forces within united states. used federal bureau of investigation law enforcement officials in 1993 waco siege.

riot police in pittsburgh, pennsylvania in september 2009 used cs gas , riot control techniques disperse assemblies in vicinity of 2009 g-20 pittsburgh summit.

in berkeley, california during bloody thursday events in people s park on 21 may 1969, midday memorial held student james rector, non-protester shot , killed police, @ sproul plaza on university campus. in honor, several thousand people peacefully assembled listen speakers remembering life. national guard troops surrounded sproul plaza, donned gas masks, , pointed bayonets inward, while helicopters dropped cs gas directly on trapped crowd. no escape possible, , gas caused acute respiratory distress, disorientation, temporary blindness , vomiting. many people, including children , elderly, injured during ensuing panic. gas intense breezes carried cowell memorial hospital, endangering patients, interrupting operations , incapacitating nurses. students @ nearby jefferson , franklin elementary schools affected.

members of united states armed forces exposed cs during initial training, , during training refresher courses or equipment maintenance exercises, using cs tablets melted on hotplate. demonstrate importance of wearing gas or protective mask, agent s presence reveals improper fit or seal of mask s rubber gaskets against face. following exposure while wearing mask, recruits ordered remove masks , endure exposure in room. these exercises encourage confidence in ability of equipment protect wearer such chemical attacks. such event requirement graduation united states army basic training, air force basic military training, navy basic training, , marine corps recruit training. cs gas in form of grenades used extensively in united states marine corps , united states army in service schools. cs gas used during final field exercise of scout sniper basic course simulate being compromised. in addition, used during 25 km (16 mi) escape-and-evasion exercise ( trail of tears ), last event before graduation course. used during several events in marine corps basic reconnaissance course (brc) including rucksack runs , escape-and-evasion exercises. while students going through course given opportunity bring , wear gas mask event, none worn because once donned, gas masks not removed until end of exercise. last anywhere 3–12 hours , make running 25 km while wearing 125 lb (57 kg) of gear virtually impossible.

vietnam

it has been reported thousands of tons of cs gas used u.s. forces in vietnam bring viet cong open. used north vietnamese forces in battles hue in 1968 or during easter offensive in 1972.

elsewhere

police fire tear gas @ protesters in quebec.

cs gas has been , still routinely used greek riot police (mat) in order quell student , labour protests, riots.

cs used quell protest in lusaka, zambia in july 1997 , 1999 wto riots in seattle. amnesty international reported had been manufactured uk company pains-wessex. subsequently, amnesty called export ban when receiving regime either not trained in use of cs, or had shown usage contrary manufacturer’s instructions .

in september 2000, guardian newspaper revealed how uk company, hpp, used legal loopholes export cs private security company in rwanda, in breach of united nations sanctions. guardian reported cs used hutu militia in rwanda flush tutsis out of buildings before hacking them death.

cs has been used government in south africa; israel against palestinians , israelis; south korean government in seoul, , during balkan conflicts serbia. in malta used police between 1981 , 1987 detriment of nationalist party supporters.

cs tear gas used @ g8 protests in genoa, italy , quebec city, canada during ftaa anti-globalization demonstrations during quebec city summit of americas.

the malaysia federal reserve unit has been known use cs tear gas against citizens rallied clean , fair elections under called bersih rallies in 2011 , 2012.

the canadian, norwegian , australian defence forces train personnel cs gas in manner similar of usa, basic part of cbrn (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) training. gas released burning tablets, in building reserved purpose (a gas hut ). in training, person enters building unprotected, , must fit , clear gas mask before leaving. other drills such drinking , under-mask decontamination practised. norwegian units exposed cs gas while engaged in mental , physical activity such addressing officer in command stating name, rank , troop before doing 30 push-ups.

france repeatedly used cs gas against refugees in camps around calais in 2015.

in australia, prison officers used cs gas against 5 teenage boys in darwin s don dale juvenile detention centre in august 2014.