The modern Chinese orchestra Chinese orchestra

1 modern chinese orchestra

1.1 history
1.2 notation
1.3 recent developments

the modern chinese orchestra

hong kong chinese orchestra

the modern large chinese orchestra 20th-century development , based on western symphony orchestra, uses chinese instruments in place of western instruments. emulates western orchestra in terms of seating position of musicians , composition techniques. music produced chinese orchestra unique , distinct western counterpart. such orchestras perform chinese orchestral music called guoyue or minyue, although repertoire may include adaptations of western orchestral pieces or music composed western instruments.

history

in 20th century number of chinese musicians became interested in improving traditional chinese music. while such xiao youmei, yuen ren chao , luting promoted western music, others defended traditional chinese , worked improve it. pioneer zheng jinwen (鄭覲文, 1872-1935) founded music institution in shanghai in 1921, great unity music society (大同樂會), develop , maintain chinese music in modern age, recreating ancient music , instruments creating new ensemble music chinese instruments. zheng experimented increasing number of player in jiangnan sizhu ensemble 35, , separated instruments different sections. began standardize instruments, example inventing methods resolve problem of traditional instruments such dizi fundamental tuning various instruments may different. updated traditional instruments such sheng increasing number of pipes increase range , allow play harmony , chords. in past each player may embellish parts @ will, in new orchestra, zheng wrote specific music each instruments or sections. 1 signature tune of music club spring flowers on moonlit river (春江花月夜), arranged ensemble liu raozhang (柳堯章) in 1925 based on older tune pipa.

another important figure of period liu tianhua formed sizhu ensemble part of activity of society improving national music established @ peking university in 1927. liu wrote ensemble. interest in improving traditional music along western model led number of music club , ensembles in various cities. in 1935, music ensemble formed @ broadcasting company of china (bcc, known central broadcasting company) in nanjing broadcasting of traditional chinese music. due sino-japanese war, ensemble later moved chongqing, held first public performance in 1942. ensemble held classes, , expanded. instruments invented increase pitch range, such middle-to-low range zhonghu, dahu, dihu, added ensemble. eleven-hole dizi called xindi can produce complete chromatic scale invented. became known bcc chinese orchestra, considered first chinese orchestra formed. orchestra organized along line of western orchestra form recognizable today, conductor, full scores musicians, , 4 sections - wind, plucked strings, bowed strings, , percussion. plucked string section unique chinese orchestra due large number of traditional chinese lute-type instruments. orchestra moved taiwan after communist victory in 1949.

in 1953, prc government established first chinese orchestra, 35-member central broadcasting station orchestra in beijing, based on earlier orchestras further changes. tuning of instruments shifted equal-tempered tuning system, , further instruments such liuqin, zhuihu, yunluo , paigu added enhance sound , range of orchestra. various newly created instruments based on traditional instruments, including gehu, daruan, zhongsheng, disuona, added orchestra, , improvements made others. traditional pieces, regional ensemble music rearranged large orchestra. 1960s, largely standardized form of chinese orchestra had emerged, although experimentation orchestra , instruments used continues present day.

the modern chinese orchestra has since become cultural institution in china chinese communities outside of mainland china. amateur chinese orchestras commonly found in taiwan, hong kong, singapore, malaysia may organized clan associations, community centres , schools, , professional orchestras formed. example, in singapore first amateur chinese orchestra formed in 1959, , professional singapore chinese orchestra founded in 1974.

notation

whilst jianpu (chinese numerical notation) used in modern chinese orchestra chinese instruments, standard notation more commonly used throughout entire orchestra. modern works published in standard notation, both parts , full scores.

recent developments

in september 2008, 21st century chinese orchestra development group (co21) formed enthusiasts gather support improvement of orchestra formation , instruments have hindered development of chinese classical music. suggested improvements included change in orchestra layout, use of staff notation , modifications existing instruments.