GDP and income distribution Roman Empire

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economic historians vary in calculations of gross domestic product of roman economy during principate. in sample years of 14, 100, , 150 ad, estimates of per capita gdp range 166 380 hs. gdp per capita of italy estimated 40 66% higher in rest of empire, due tax transfers provinces , concentration of elite income in heartland.


in scheidel–friesen economic model, total annual income generated empire placed @ 20 billion hs, 5% extracted central , local government. households in top 1.5% of income distribution captured 20% of income. 20% went 10% of population can characterized non-elite middle. remaining vast majority produced more half of total income, lived near subsistence.








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