Levels Three levels of leadership model

1 levels

1.1 public leadership
1.2 private leadership
1.3 personal leadership

levels

three levels of leadership model

the 3 levels referred in model s name public, private , personal leadership. model presented in diagram form 3 concentric circles , 4 outwardly directed arrows, personal leadership in center.

the first 2 levels – public , private leadership – outer or behavioral levels. scouller distinguished between behaviors involved in influencing 2 or more people simultaneously (what called public leadership ) behavior needed select , influence individuals 1 one (which called private leadership). listed 34 distinct public leadership behaviors , further 14 private leadership behaviors.
the third level – personal leadership – inner level , concerns person s leadership presence, knowhow, skills, beliefs, emotions , unconscious habits. @ heart leader s self-awareness, progress toward self-mastery , technical competence, , sense of connection around him. s inner core, source, of leader s outer leadership effectiveness. (scouller, 2011).

the idea if leaders want effective must work on 3 levels in parallel.

the 2 outer levels – public , private leadership – leader must behaviorally individuals or groups address 4 dimensions of leadership (scouller 2011). these are:

the inner level – personal leadership – refers leaders should grow leadership presence, knowhow , skill. has 3 aspects:

scouller argued self-mastery key growing 1 s leadership presence, building trusting relationships followers , enabling behavioral flexibility circumstances change, while staying connected 1 s core values (that is, while remaining authentic). support leaders development, introduced new model of human psyche , outlined principles , techniques of self-mastery (scouller 2011).

the assumption in model personal leadership powerful of 3 levels. scouller likened effect dropping pebble in pond , seeing ripples spreading out center – hence 4 arrows pointing outward in diagram. pebble represents inner, personal leadership , ripples 2 outer levels. helpful inner change , growth affect outer leadership positively. negative inner change cause opposite. (scouller, 2011).

public leadership

public leadership refers actions or behaviors leaders take influence 2 or more people simultaneously – perhaps in meeting or when addressing large group. public leadership directed towards (1) setting , agreeing motivating vision or future group or organization ensure unity of purpose; (2) creating positive peer pressure towards shared, high performance standards , atmosphere of trust , team spirit; , (3) driving successful collective action , results. public leadership therefore serves first 3 dimensions of leadership mentioned in overview section.

there 34 distinct public leadership behaviors (scouller, 2011), break out follows:

setting vision, staying focused: 4 behaviors.
organizing, planning, giving power others: 2 behaviors.
ideation, problem-solving, decision-making: 10 behaviors.
executing: 6 behaviors.
group building , maintenance: 12 behaviors.

leaders need balance time between 22 vision/planning/thinking/execution behaviors , 12 group building/maintenance behaviors.

according 3 levels of leadership model, key widening 1 s repertoire of public leadership behaviors (and skill performed) attention personal leadership.

private leadership

private leadership concerns leader s one-to-one handling of individuals (which fourth of scouller s 4 dimensions of leadership). although leadership involves creating sense of group unity, groups composed of individuals , vary in ambitions, confidence, experience , psychological make-up. therefore, have treated individuals – hence importance of personal leadership. there 14 private leadership behaviors (scouller, 2011):

individual purpose , task (e.g. appraising, selecting, disciplining): 5 behaviors.
individual building , maintenance (e.g. recognizing rising talent): 9 behaviors.

some people experience powerful conversations demanded private leadership (e.g. performance appraisals) uncomfortable. consequently, leaders may avoid of private leadership behaviors (scouller, 2011), reduces leadership effectiveness. scouller argued intimacy of private leadership leads avoidance behavior either because of lack of skill or because of negative self-image beliefs give rise powerful fears of may happen in such encounters. why personal leadership important in improving leader s one-to-one skill , reducing or interpersonal fears.

personal leadership

personal leadership addresses leader s technical, psychological , moral development , impact on or leadership presence, skill , behavior. is, essentially, key making theory of 2 outer behavioral levels practical. scouller went further in suggesting (in preface of book, 3 levels of leadership), personal leadership answer jim collins called inner development of person level 5 leadership in book great – collins admitted unable explain.

personal leadership has 3 elements: (1) technical knowhow , skill; (2) right attitude towards other people; , (3) psychological self-mastery.

the first element, technical knowhow , skill, knowing 1 s technical weaknesses , taking action update 1 s knowledge , skills. scouller (2011) suggested there 3 areas of knowhow leaders should learn: time management, individual psychology , group psychology. described 6 sets of skills underlie public , private leadership behaviors: (1) group problem-solving , planning; (2) group decision-making; (3) interpersonal ability, has strong overlap emotional intelligence (4) managing group process; (5) assertiveness; (6) goal-setting.

the second element, attitude toward others, developing right attitude toward colleagues in order maintain leader s relationships throughout group s journey shared vision or goal. right attitude believe other people important oneself , see leadership act of service (scouller, 2011). although there moral aspect this, there practical side – leader s attitude , behavior toward others largely influence how respect , trust person , want work him or her. scouller outlined 5 parts of right attitude toward others: (1) interdependence (2) appreciation (3) caring (4) service (5) balance. 2 keys, suggested, developing these 5 aspects ensure that:

there demanding, distinctive, shared vision in group cares , wants achieve.
the leader works on self-mastery reduce self-esteem issues make hard connect with, appreciate , adopt attitude of service towards colleagues.

the third element of personal leadership self-mastery. emphasizes self-awareness , flexible command of 1 s mind, allows leader let go of unconscious limiting beliefs , associated defensive habits (like avoiding powerful conversations, e.g. appraisal discussions). enables leaders connect more values, let leadership presence flow , act authentically in serving lead.

because self-mastery psychological process, scouller proposed new model of human psyche support practice. in addition, outlined principles of – , obstacles – personal change , proposed 6 self-mastery techniques, include mindfulness meditation.