Southern Africa HIV/AIDS in Africa

graphs of life expectancy @ birth sub-saharan countries showing fall in 1990s due aids pandemic.

in mid-1980s, hiv , aids virtually unheard of in southern africa. however, worst-affected region in world. currently, swaziland , lesotho have highest , second highest hiv prevalence rates in world, respectively. of 9 southern african countries (botswana, lesotho, malawi, mozambique, namibia, south africa, swaziland, zambia, , zimbabwe), 4 estimated have infection rate of on 15 percent.

in botswana, number of newly infected people per year has declined 67 percent, 27,000 in 2001 9,000 in 2011. in malawi, decrease has been 54 percent, 100,000 in 2001 46,000 in 2011. 2 of other countries in region have recorded major decreases (namibia, 62 percent; zambia, 54 percent; zimbabwe, 47 percent; south africa, 38 percent; swaziland, 32 percent). number has remained virtually same in lesotho , mozambique.

zimbabwe s first reported case of hiv in 1985.

aside polygynous relationships, can quite prevalent in parts of africa, there widespread practices of sexual networking involve multiple overlapping or concurrent sexual partners. men s sexual networks, in particular, tend quite extensive, fact tacitly accepted or encouraged many communities. along having multiple sexual partners, unemployment , population displacements resulting drought , conflict have contributed spread of hiv/aids.. according susser , stein (2000), men refuse use condoms during intercourse girls or women performing sex work (p. 1043-1044). unfortunately, girls , women in desperate need of money , not have choice. leads multiple sex partners, increases likelihood of infection hiv/aids.

a 2008 study in botswana, namibia, , swaziland found intimate partner violence, extreme poverty, education, , partner income disparity explained of differences in hiv status among adults aged 15–29 years. among young women 1 of these factors, hiv rate increased 7.7 percent no factors 17.1 percent. approximately 26 percent of young women 2 factors hiv positive, 36 percent of 3 factors , 39.3 percent of 4 factors being hiv-positive.

most hiv infections found in southern africa hiv-1, world s common hiv infection. predominates everywhere except western africa, hiv-2 more frequent.

swaziland

as of 2011, hiv prevalence rate in swaziland highest in world @ 26.0 percent of persons aged 15–49. united nations development programme wrote in 2005,

the immense scale of aids-related illness , deaths weakening governance capacities service delivery, serious consequences on food security, economic growth[,] , human development. aids undermines capacities of individuals, families, communities[,] , state fulfill roles , responsibilities in society. if current trends not reversed, longer-term survival of swaziland country threatened.

the hiv epidemic in swaziland has reduced life expectancy @ birth 49 men , 51 women (based on 2009 data). life expectancy @ birth in 1990 59 men , 62 women.

based on 2011 data, swaziland s crude death rate of 19.51 per 1,000 people per year third highest in world, behind lesotho , sierra leone. hiv/aids in 2002 caused 64 percent of deaths in country.

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