Continental usages Cadency

1 continental usages

1.1 france

1.1.1 former royal house
1.1.2 past usage


1.2 germany
1.3 italy

1.3.1 former royal house


1.4 denmark

1.4.1 royal family


1.5 belgium

1.5.1 royal family


1.6 netherlands

1.6.1 royal family


1.7 portugal

1.7.1 noble families
1.7.2 royal house


1.8 spain

1.8.1 royal family


1.9 sweden

1.9.1 royal house

continental usages
france

during middle ages, marks of cadency used extensively armigers in france, can seen in armorial de gelre. eighteenth century, such marks no longer used members of armigerous families, still used extensively members of french royal family.

the french revolution of 1789 had profound impact on heraldry, , heraldry abolished in 1790, restored in 1808 napoleon i. however, napoleon s heraldic system did not use marks of cadency either; decree of march 3, 1810 (art. 11) states: name, arms , livery shall pass father sons although distinctive marks of napoleonic titles pass sons inherited them.

no subsequent regime in france ever promulgated legislation regarding marks of difference in heraldry, remain unused (except in heraldry of sovereign houses, such former royal family, can seen below, or house of lorraine).

the former royal house

examples of cadency:

past usage

the royal arms of france featured golden fleurs-de-lys on blue field (azure, semy-de-lys or). king charles v simplified 3 fleurs-de-lys on blue field (azure, 3 fleurs-de-lys or).

the sons of louis viii , blanche of castile used golden castles on red background (derived arms of castile) charges difference arms: robert, label; alphonse, semy of castles; charles, bordure. initial system of differencing dropped in favor of longer-lasting simpler system. charles, youngest son of louis viii, changed arms in favor of arms of france plain label gules.

the simpler system used 4 marks of difference: label, bordure, bend, , bordure engrailed. tinctures used gules; compony of argent , gules; , argent. came more unusual forms, such bordure-label gules , bordure gules charged 8 plates.

initially, arms attributed cadet. thus, when philip bold exchanged appanage of touraine in favor of burgundy, retained arms had received duke of touraine (but quartered arms of burgundy). example charles, younger brother of louis xi. seventeenth century, arms became associated titles. bordure gules associated anjou, , label argent orléans. thus, when cadet exchanged appanage, arms changed.

germany

german noble houses did not use cadency marks systematically european peers . nobleman s sons not obliged or expected not bear father s arms , did so.

the common means of differencing use of different heraldic crests mark apart otherwise identical achievements borne different branches of family. other, less frequent forms include counter-changing or replacement of individual tinctures, or addition of ordinaries. bordures , labels used occasionally, though not doctrinally. perhaps prominent german family adopt system of bordures house of hohenzollern.

as result of holy roman empire s heavy fragmentation, form saw more prominent use , when influenced general trends , geographic proximity; example, heraldic tradition of low countries , rhineland saw great deal of influence french neighbor.

italy
former royal house



denmark
royal family



belgium
royal family



the netherlands
royal family

the following heraldic system adopted royal decree in 1815 , last until 1907.

since 1907, system has differed. wilhelmina further decreed in perpetuity descendants should styled princes , princesses of orange-nassau , name of house orange-nassau (in dutch oranje-nassau ). since then, individual members of house of orange-nassau given own arms reigning monarch, similar united kingdom. royal arms, quartered arms of principality of orange, , in escutcheon of paternal arms.

since 1907, there no system delineate individual princes , princesses via arms.

portugal

the portuguese systems of differencing have origins in regulations of king manuel i, ruled portugal 1485 1521. there 2 systems, 1 non-royal families , other royal house.

noble families

the portuguese system of differentiation noble non-royal families unlike other cadency system. true bruiser personalises arms, however, since portuguese have arbitrary choice of surnames, may select family name father s or mother s side of genealogical table , coat of arms, not have coincide it. thus, system of differencing serves show ancestral line arms derived. head of lineage uses arms without difference, should head of more 1 family, arms combined quartering. heir apparent arms of head of lineage never uses mark of difference.

royal house




spain
royal family



sweden
royal house