History Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist

limited guardianship of islamic jurist has been known since sheikh mufid, when ijtihad among shi emerged in 10th century ce (4th century ah). on basis of jurists have judged , take khumms.

absolute welayat-el faqih first introduced in fiqh of jafari in famous text book javaher-ol-kalaam (جواهر الکلام). later, ayatollah molla mohammad mahdee naraqi of iran published paper advocating modest level of political actions islamic leaders – limited welayat-el faqih.

by time of iranian constitutional revolution (انقلاب مشروطه), ayatollah sheikh fazlollah nouri customized theory match iranian majles of national council, removed when executed opposed idea of islamic government. nevertheless, extensive guardianship given clerics. (see: iranian constitution of 1906)

ayatullah khomeini in 1970 gave series of lectures became book hokumat-e islami: waliyat-el faqih (islamic government) arguing monarchy unislamic . in true islamic state holding government posts should have knowledge of sharia, , country s ruler should faqih surpasses others in knowledge of islamic law , justice – known marja` – having intelligence , administrative ability.

this theory put action part of iran s islamic revolution. before then, time of ayatollah naraqi first produced , introduced iran s royal law allowing iranian ayatollahs make sure islamic laws impacted general laws of iran.

the theory key ideology of in lebanon-based hezbollah.