Comparative phonology Southern Athabaskan languages

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the southern athabascan branch defined harry hoijer according merger of stem-initial consonants of proto-athabascan series *k̯ , *c *c (in addition widespread merger of *č , *čʷ *č found in many northern athabascan languages).



hoijer (1938) divided apachean sub-family eastern branch consisting of jicarilla, lipan, , plains apache , western branch consisting of navajo, western apache (san carlos), chiricahua, , mescalero based on merger of proto-apachean *t , *k k in eastern branch. thus, can seen in example below, when western languages have noun or verb stems start t, related forms in eastern languages start k:



he later revised proposal in 1971 when found plains apache did not participate in *k̯/*c merger consider plains apache language equi-distant other languages, called southwestern apachean. thus, stems started *k̯ in proto-athabascan start ch in plains apache while other languages start ts.



morris opler (1975) has suggested hoijer s original formulation jicarilla , lipan in eastern branch more in agreement cultural similarities between these 2 , differences other western apachean groups. other linguists, particularly michael krauss (1973), have noted classification based on initial consonants of noun , verb stems arbitrary , when other sound correspondences considered relationships between languages appear more complex. additionally, has been pointed out martin huld (1983) since plains apache not merge proto-athabascan *k̯/*c, plains apache cannot considered apachean language defined hoijer.


other differences , similarities among southern athabaskan languages can observed in following modified , abbreviated swadesh list:








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