Examples of exoenzymes as virulence factors[3] Exoenzyme

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1 examples of exoenzymes virulence factors

1.1 necrotizing enzymes
1.2 coagulase
1.3 kinases
1.4 hyaluronidase
1.5 hemolysins





examples of exoenzymes virulence factors

microscopic view of necrotizing fasciitis caused streptococcus pyogenes


necrotizing enzymes

necrotizing enzymes destroy cells , tissue. 1 of best known examples exoenzyme produced streptococcus pyogenes causes necrotizing fasciitis in humans.


coagulase

by binding prothrombin, coagulase facilitates clotting in cell converting fibrinogen fibrin. bacteria such staphylococcus aureus use enzyme form layer of fibrin around cell protect against host defense mechanisms.




fibrin layer formed staphyloccocus aureus


kinases

the opposite of coagulase, kinases can dissolve clots. s. aureus can produce staphylokinase, allowing them dissolve clots form, rapidly diffuse host @ correct time.


hyaluronidase

similar collagenase, hyaluronidase enables pathogen penetrate deep tissues. bacteria such clostridium using enzyme dissolve collagen , hyaluronic acid, protein , saccharides, respectively, hold tissues together.


hemolysins

hemolysins target erythrocytes, or red blood cells. attacking , lysing these cells allows pathogen harm host organism, , provides source of iron lysed hemoglobin, fungus candida albicans. organisms can either alpha-hemolytic, beta-hemolytic, or gamma-hemolytic (non-hemolytic).









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