Bipolar mimicry systems Aggressive mimicry

the spotted predatory katydid (chlorobalius leucoviridis) acoustic aggressive mimic of cicadas.

in cases of batesian-wallacian mimicry, model sexually receptive female, provides strong attractive effect on males. spiders use chemical rather visual means ensnare prey. female bolas spiders of genus mastophora lure male moth-flies (diptera, true flies, resembling moths) producing analogues of moth species sex pheromones. each species of spider appears specialize in particular species of prey in family psychodidae. juveniles use front pair of legs capture prey, such flies. older spiders use different strategy however, swinging sticky ball known bolas suspended silk thread @ moths. both old , juvenile able lure prey via olfactory signal; young spiderlings have been shown attract prey species.

beginning in 1960s, james e. lloyd s investigation of female fireflies of genus photuris revealed emit same light signals females of genus photinus use mating signal. further research showed male fireflies several different genera attracted these mimics, , subsequently captured , eaten. female signals based on received male, each female having repertoire of signals matching delay , duration of female of corresponding species. mimicry may have evolved non-mating signals have become modified predation.

the listroscelidine katydid chlorobalius leucoviridis of inland australia capable of attracting male cicadas of tribe cicadettini imitating species-specific reply clicks of sexually receptive female cicadas. example of acoustic aggressive mimicry similar photuris firefly case in predator s mimicry remarkably versatile – playback experiments show c. leucoviridis able attract males of many cicada species, including cicadettine cicadas other continents, though cicada mating signals species-specific. evolution of versatile mimicry in c. leucoviridis may have been facilitated constraints on song evolution in duetting communication systems in reply signals recognizable precise timing in relation male song (<< 100 ms reply latency).

kirbyan or brood parasite mimicry

brood parasitism: 4 clutches of reed warbler eggs, each containing 1 (larger) cuckoo egg

host-parasite mimicry situation parasite mimics own host. mimicry of female sex outlined previously, 2 species involved, model , mimic being of same species. brood parasitism, form of kleptoparasitism mother has offspring raised unwitting organism, 1 such situation host-parasite mimicry has evolved. pasteur terms form of aggressive-reproductive mimicry kirbyan mimicry, after english entomologist william kirby.

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