Background Brazilian military government

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brazil s political crisis stemmed way in political tensions had been controlled in 1930s , 1940s during vargas era. vargas dictatorship , presidencies of democratic successors marked different stages of brazilian populism (1930–1964), era of economic nationalism, state-guided modernization, , import substitution trade policies. vargas policies intended foster autonomous capitalist development in brazil, linking industrialization nationalism, formula based on strategy of reconciling conflicting interests of middle class, foreign capital, working class, , landed oligarchy.


essentially, epic of rise , fall of brazilian populism 1930 1964: brazil witnessed on course of time period change export-orientation of first brazilian republic (1889–1930) import substitution of populist era (1930–1964) , moderate structuralism of 1964–80. each of these structural changes forced realignment in society , caused period of political crisis. period of right-wing military dictatorship marked transition between populist era , current period of democratization.


the brazilian armed forces acquired great political clout after paraguayan war. politicization of armed forces evidenced proclamation of republic, overthrew empire, or within tenentismo (lieutenants movement) , revolution of 1930. tensions escalated again in 1950s, important military circles (the hard-line militars , old positivists origins traced aib , estado novo) joined elite, medium classes , right-wing activists in attempts stop presidents juscelino kubitschek , joão goulart taking office, due supposed support communist ideology. while kubitschek proved friendly capitalist institutions, goulart promised far-reaching reforms, expropriated business interests , promoted economical-political neutrality usa.


after goulart assumed power in 1961, society became polarized, elites fearing brazil become cuba , join communist bloc, while many thought reforms boost growth of brazil , end economical subservience usa, or goulart used increase popularity of communist agenda. influential politicians, such carlos lacerda , kubitschek, media moguls (roberto marinho, octávio frias, júlio de mesquita filho), church, landowners, businessmen, , middle class called coup d état armed forces remove government. old hard-line army officers, seeing chance impose positivist economic program, convinced loyalists goulart communist menace.







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