Conservation Atlantic Forest

1 conservation

1.1 human impact

1.1.1 results of human activity


1.2 conservation nongovernmental organizations

conservation
human impact

atlantic forest fragmentation



deforestation of atlantic forest in rio de janeiro

the incorporation of modern human societies , needs forest resources has reduced size of atlantic forest, has resulted in species impoverishment. 88% of original forest habitat has been lost , replaced human-modified landscapes including pastures, croplands, , urban areas. deforestation continues @ annual rate of .5% , 2.9% in urban areas.

agriculture: major portion of human land use in atlantic rain forest agriculture. crops include sugar-cane, coffee, tea, tobacco , more soybean , biofuel crops.
pasture: more common using land agriculture conversion of forest cattle pastures. commonly done method of slash , burn increases forest chance of human-induced burning.
hunting: species in fragmented forest more susceptible decline in population size because in confined area more accessible hunters. larger animals make highest percentage of biomass. these animals rewarding hunters , heavily hunted in accessible fragments. results in change in species interactions such seed dispersal , competition resources.
logging: logging removes 10 80% of canopy cover of forest making habitat more susceptible natural elements such wind , sunlight. causes increase in forest heating , desiccation. large amounts of organic litter , debris builds results in increase in forests vulnerability fires. additionally, logging roads create accessibility humans; , therefore increases amount of human land disturbances , decreases amount of natural forest.
fire: human activity such logging causes increase in debris along forest floors makes atlantic forest more susceptible fires. forest type not accustomed regular fire activity, human induced fires dramatically affect forest understory because plants not have fire adaptations. in result, forest becomes more vulnerable secondary fires, far more destructive , kill many more species including large trees.

results of human activity

habitat fragmentation leads cascade of alterations of original forest landscape. example, extent of human disturbances, including habitat destruction, in atlantic forest has led extinction crisis. endemic species in region vulnerable extinction due fragmentation because of small geographic ranges , low occurrence. in study of atlantic forest fragments, community level biomass reduced 60% in plots less 25 hectares. key ecological processes such seed dispersal, gene flow, colonization , other processes disturbed fragmentation. many key vertebrate seed dispersers going extinct, predicted many regional, fruit-bearing tree species in atlantic forest become extinct due failure of seedling recruitment , recolonisation. these species threatened, predicted persistence of current deforestation rates atlantic forest see continued extinction of species.

conservation nongovernmental organizations

due atlantic forest’s vast diversity of endemic plants , animals fragmentation affecting these species, many groups , organizations working towards restoration of unique ecosystem. non-governmental organizations (ngo) huge benefactors in brazil, providing funding professional atlantic forest due brazilian environmental movement. 1 organization, called birdlife international, using research preserve bird biodiversity of area working people towards sustainability in use of natural resources.

some organizations receiving grants critical ecosystem partnership fund (cepf) if abide directions. these include:

species protection program
the program supporting private natural heritage reserves
the institutional strengthening program

another strategy being implemented maintain biodiversity within atlantic forest creating wildlife corridors. world bank donating $44 million create corridor, known central biodiversity corridor, in atlantic forest , 1 in amazon. brazilian development bank has been financing, non-reimbursable loans, 16 18 ecosystem restoration projects totaling 3,500 hectares , costing approximately $22 million under so-called iniciativa bndes mata atlântica. in order preserve diversity, state of sao paulo has created restinga de bertioga state park, 9.3 thousand hectares park serves wildlife corridor linking coastal regions serra mar mountain range. organizations, such nature conservancy, planning restore parts of forest have been lost , build corridors compatible lifestyles of native people. amazon institute active in reforestation efforts in northeastern state of pernambuco, brazil. during 2007, joao milanez , joanne stanulonis have planted 5,500 new trees in mountains commencing gravata, adding precious little, ancient forest left.

the pact atlantic forest restoration has assembled on 100 businesses, nongovernmental , governmental organizations around goal of having 15 million hectares of original ecosystem restored 2050.

the pontifícia universidade católica rio grande sul keeps private reserve of araucaria moist forest ecoregion of approximately 3.100 ha called pró-mata, near city of são francisco de paula in state of rio grande sul, used research.