Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli Goa liberation movement

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on 21 july 1954, united front of goans (led francis mascarenhas) forced portuguese retreat colonial enclave of dadra, small landlocked territory bordering nagar haveli. group of volunteers national movement liberation organisation (nmlo), umbrella organisation involving revolutionary groups rashtriya swayamsevak sangh , azad gomantak dal, led attack on nagar haveli on 28 july 1954, , took on 2 august. despite conquering territories, india did not assimilate these enclaves indian union. time, both enclaves functioned de facto independent states, administered varishta panchayat of free dadra , nagar haveli.


the successful annexation of dadra , nagar haveli provided dormant goa anti-colonial movement renewed vigour , motivation continue anti-colonial struggle. on 15 august 1954, hundreds of people crossed portuguese goan borders, defying ban indian government on participating in satyagrahas. portuguese responded action injuring , fatally shooting many satyagrahis.


the portuguese responded satyagrahas, continued throughout 1955, sealing goa s borders in attempt curb growing support movement. 1955, indian government had developed clear policy on portuguese goan territory, supported anti-colonial movement. between 1955 , 1961, 6 political parties formed advocate end portuguese colonial rule. these parties included azad gomantak dal, rancour patriota, united front of goans, goan people s party, goa liberation army , quit goa organisation.


many goans reportedly felt portuguese deliberately misleading international community portraying goans luso-indian or portuguese. following release prison, p.d. gaitonde conducted series of international lectures challenge notion. increased support international community , rebellions in portuguese african colonies, policy position of india government able become more hardline.


in 1961, india proclaimed goa should join india either full peace or full use of force . in august 1961, india began military preparations and, following nehru s announcement on 1 december 1961, india not remain silent in relation goan situation, indian troops strategically stationed close goan border.








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