Written tests Test (assessment)

1 written tests

1.1 multiple choice
1.2 alternative response
1.3 matching type
1.4 completion type
1.5 essay
1.6 mathematical questions

written tests

indonesian students taking written test

written tests tests administered on paper or on computer (as eexam). test taker takes written test respond specific items writing or typing within given space of test or on separate form or document.

in tests; knowledge of many constants or technical terms required answer questions, chemistry or biology – test developer may allow every test taker bring them cheat sheet.

a test developer s choice of style or format use when developing written test arbitrary given there no single invariant standard testing. may, test styles , format have become more used others. below list of formats of test items used educators , test developers construct paper or computer-based tests. result, these tests may consist of 1 type of test item format (e.g., multiple choice test, essay test) or may have combination of different test item formats (e.g., test has multiple choice , essay items).

multiple choice

in test has items formatted multiple choice questions, candidate given number of set answers each question, , candidate must choose answer or group of answers correct. there 2 families of multiple choice questions. first family known true/false question , requires test taker choose answers appropriate. second family known one-best-answer question , requires test taker answer 1 list of answers.

there several reasons using multiple choice questions in tests. in terms of administration, multiple choice questions requires less time test takers answer, easy score , grade, provide greater coverage of material, allows wide range of difficulty, , can diagnose test taker s difficulty concepts. educational tool, multiple choice items test many levels of learning test taker s ability integrate information, , provides feedback test taker why distractors wrong , why correct answers right. nevertheless, there difficulties associated use of multiple choice questions. in administrative terms, multiple choice items effective take great time construct. educational tool, multiple choice items not allow test takers demonstrate knowledge beyond choices provided , may encourage guessing or approximation due presence of @ least 1 correct answer. instance, test taker might not work out explicitly



6.14
⋅
7.95
=
48.813


{\displaystyle 6.14\cdot 7.95=48.813}

, knowing



6
⋅
8
=
48


{\displaystyle 6\cdot 8=48}

, choose answer close 48. moreover, test takers may misinterpret these items , in process, perceive these items tricky or picky. finally, multiple choice items not test test taker s attitudes towards learning because correct responses can faked.

alternative response

true/false questions present candidates binary choice – statement either true or false. method presents problems, depending on number of questions, significant number of candidates 100% guesswork, , should on average 50%.

matching type

a matching item item provides defined term , requires test taker match identifying characteristics correct term.

completion type

a fill-in-the-blank item provides test taker identifying characteristics , requires test taker recall correct term. there 2 types of fill-in-the-blank tests. easier version provides word bank of possible words fill in blanks. exams words in word bank used once. if teacher wanted create test of medium difficulty, provide test word bank, words may used more once , others not @ all. hardest variety of such test fill-in-the-blank test in no word bank provided @ all. requires higher level of understanding , memory multiple choice test. because of this, fill-in-the-blank tests[with no word bank] feared students.

essay

items such short answer or essay typically require test taker write response fulfill requirements of item. in administrative terms, essay items take less time construct. assessment tool, essay items can test complex learning objectives processes used answer question. items can provide more realistic , generalizable task test. finally, these items make difficult test takers guess correct answers , require test takers demonstrate writing skills correct spelling , grammar.

the difficulties essay items administrative. one, these items take more time test takers answer. when these questions answered, answers poorly written because test takers may not have time organize , proofread answers. in turn, takes more time score or grade these items. when these items being scored or graded, grading process becomes subjective non-test related information may influence process. thus, considerable effort required minimize subjectivity of grading process. finally, assessment tool, essay questions may potentially unreliable in assessing entire content of subject matter.

mathematical questions

most mathematics questions, or calculation questions subjects such chemistry, physics or economics employ style not fall of above categories, although papers, notably maths challenge papers in united kingdom employ multiple choice. instead, mathematics questions state mathematical problem or exercise requires student write freehand response. marks given more steps taken correct answer. if question has multiple parts, later parts may use answers previous sections, , marks may granted if earlier incorrect answer used correct method followed, , answer correct (given incorrect input) returned.

higher level mathematical papers may include variations on true/false, candidate given statement , asked verify validity direct proof or stating counterexample.